Gary L. Shapiro, Ph.D., is a writer, researcher, educator, and environmentalist who has devoted more than five decades to understanding and protecting orangutans. In 1973, at Chaffee Zoological Park in Fresno, California, he became the first person to teach a symbolic communication system to an orangutan, Aazk, helping open new pathways for the study of orangutan intelligence and communication.
From 1978 to 1980, and again in 1981, Shapiro worked in Indonesia’s Tanjung Puting Reserve, now Tanjung Puting National Park, where he became the first person to teach sign language to ex-captive orangutans in their native environment. His work with Princess, Rinnie, and other orangutans being rehabilitated for life in the wild formed the basis of his doctoral dissertation and helped demonstrate their cognitive abilities, emotional depth, and capacity for returning to forest life.
Shapiro earned his Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Oklahoma in 1985 and later conducted post-doctoral research in freshwater ecology in Tanjung Puting. In 1986, he co-founded Orangutan Foundation International, serving as vice president until 2004, while also pursuing a full-time career in environmental science and emergency response.
In 2004, Shapiro and his wife, Inggriani, founded the Orang Utan Republik Education Initiative, which became the Orang Utan Republik Foundation in 2007. Through education, scholarships, outreach, and responsible ecotourism, he continues to promote Indonesian conservation leadership. His book, Out of the Cage, published in 2024, recounts his half-century journey with orangutans and their conservation.
Gary L. Shapiro will be a special guest on our In the Wake of Wallace: Indonesia & Borneo voyage, departing 24 October 2026.